Berseem clover is an annual legume that resembles alfalfa in its appearance, but does not cause bloat. If conditions are favorable during earlyfall, some growth may be available for grazing. Arrowleaf clover trifolium vesiculosum arrowleaf clover is a relatively late production, coolseason annual clover that produces most of its growth during april and may. Steps for establishing small grains 1 land selection for fall production, select bottomland which stays moist during fall. About 2,000 acres of red, crimson, and arrowleaf clovers for seed are grown under irrigation in other areas of oregon.
The rough brown seed are about twice the size of ladino clover seed and over 70 percent have very hard seed coats, requiring scarification for satisfactory germination. Some on the unique plant characteristics include large leaflets that are rounded at the base and pointed at the tip. Cefalu arrowleaf failed to regenerate in the second year due to low population of seedling emergence. Arrotas between september 15th and november 25th was 9. Forage production of apache and yuchi arrowleaf clover and dixie crimson clover at overton. Apache arrowleaf clover is tolerant to bean yellow mosaic virus disease. Arrowleaf clover is a selfinfertile, opencultivars 2,15,18, respectively, pollinated crop, and no attempt to control interpollination was the objectives of this study were to identify arrowleaf clover made. Drill at least 10 kgha of phosphorus when sowing any clover pasture. Arrowleaf clover forage information system oregon state.
Interseeding clover and legumes in grass sod fsa34. Seed production of four annual clover species, arrowleaf trifolium vesiculosum, balansa trifolium michelianum, gland trifolium glanduliferum and persian trifolium resupinatum was quantified from four sowing dates in 2010. Calculating proper seeding rate for food plot success by. Plant on bahia or bermudagrass sods later, after they become dormant. Arrowleaf clover is suitable for sheepbeef grazing or haysilage production. Suitable for hay, grazing, seed production, soil improvement, and wildlife forage. Clover forage yield, 2001 0 500 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 variety dry matter yield lbsac cut3 cut2 cut1 apache yuchi dixie a b b a a a a b b a a figure 1. Seed of arrowleaf clover is produced in western oregon on a relatively small but gradually expand ing acreage.
It can be used in permanent pastures, short term pastures or in 1. The minimum rainfall requirement for arrowleaf clover. It exhibits good cold tolerance and germinates well at low temperatures. Whitten plant materials center, coffeeville, ms, april, 2006. Mostly upright stems grow to 34 feet 90120 cm, are not hairy. Meechee arrowleaf clover, conventional till, establishment year 12 meechee arrowleaf clover, conventional till, year two and following. Calculating proper seeding rate for food plot success. Tillage and overseeding pastures for winter forage. Please view the pdf by using the full text pdf link under view to the left. For wildlife and critical area mixtures, plant seed at 10 lbacre.
Heavy clay soils to sandy soils acidic soils with a ph of 4. Field experiments in southern nsw have found that berseem clover can produce 5001200 kg seedha, with highest yields occurring in areas with reliable late spring rainfall. No animal gain data are available at present, although research on this question is in progress. Arrowleaf clover trifolium vesiculosum arrowleaf clover is a winter annual clover with an erect growth habit. Agronomy journal abstract flower and seed production in. Some on the unique plant characteristics include large leaflets that are rounded at the base and pointed at. Uga forage extension team which annual clover do i plant. Pasture type and use arrowleaf clover is suitable for sheepbeef grazing or haysilage production. Arrowleaf clover primefact 102 nsw department of primary. It is advisable to purchase seed of named varieties as opposed to common arrowleaf clover seed. Seed crops are generally windrowed when 70% of the seed in the flower head is mature, and then harvested using a conventional header.
Arrotas arrowleaf clover trifolium vesiculosum suitable for grazing, hay or silage annual legume with an enhanced deep tap root, able to utilise subsoil moisture well into summer. Annual and perennial forage clovers for arkansas uaex. Download pdf zulumax arrowleaf clover is an annual legume used for both grazing and fodder conservation hay, silage option. This makes it suitable for inclusion in blends for grazing and hay making. Administrative report or publication seed production of arrowleaf clover in western oregon public deposited. Winter annual legumes should be planted in fall for best results.
For commercial seed production, exclude livestock or do not cut for hay after may 1. The seeding rate for arrowleaf clover is 58 lbs per acre if drilled or 810 lbs per acre broadcast. In some districts additional sulphur may also be required. According to uga forages, apache and blackhawk are the. One of the greatest challenges clover seed growers face is the fact that clovers are minor crops. Arrowleaf clover will germinate at coolertemperaturesthan crimson clover. Arrowleaf clover trifolium vesiculosum arrowleaf clover is a relatively lateproduction, coolseason annual clover that produces most of its growth during april and may. Arrowleaf clover seed should be inoculated before planting, but planting in dry soil may result in death of the inoculation organism.
Clover selection in mississippi mississippi state university. Inoculate arrowleaf seed with rhizobia group c inoculum. Plants profile for trifolium vesiculosum arrowleaf clover. Zulumax arrowleaf clover is generally a better cattle feed option due. Appendix 1 high proportion of hard seed for persistence increases soil nitrogen, kg dm will fix approximately 25 kgn for free outstanding spring and summer production. Yuchi arrowleaf clover is a great choice when seeking to plant a perennial clover wildlife food plot for deer, quail and turkey. It is the most versatile of the annual clovers, capable of high performance on. Evaluation of arrowleaf clover for tolerance to bean yellow. Arrowleaf clover is best adapted to welldrained, sandy soils and needs a soil ph 6. Following initial sowing rate at 46 kgha, these clovers produced seed yields up to. Dry matter yield and radiation use efficiency of four autumn. White clover seed is grown in the south valley linn county. Seed production of four annual clover species, arrowleaf trifolium vesiculosum, balansa trifolium michelianum, gland trifolium glanduliferum and persian trifolium resupinatum was.
Selfreseeding potential of forage annual clovers in the. For spring production, use upland that warms up early in spring. Apache arroleaf clover is licensed to east texas seed 903. One of the greatest challenges clover seed growers face.
Seed production of arrowleaf clover in western oregon. Arrowleaf clover plants typically mature during latejune through july. As far back as 1972, auburn university researchers understood that coating arrowleaf clover resulted in higher forage yields. Its is recommenced to be plant with a forage grain such as oats for livestock grazing. Evaluation of arrowleaf clover for tolerance to bean. Since the normal harvest period in july is usually rainy, earlier flowering should allow earlier seed harvest and therefore reduce shattering losses. Natural reseeding from previous years seed crop, combined with hard seed will probably be adequate for sufficient stands in succeeding years. Seed production berseem clover seed can be harvested using a conventional header. A good clover seed stand often produces 1 12 to over 2 tons of dry forage per acre, which is equal to or better than other annual clovers commonly grown in the united. Cefalu arrowleaf clover trifolium vesiculosum is an upright, annual pasture legume suited to forage production systems in regions with 400mm annual rainfall. Crimson clover is similar to arrowleaf clover in areas of adaptation and will not tolerate calcareous or poorly drained soils but is better suited to acidic soils than arrowleaf clover.
Large conical flower head up to 2 inches 5 cm long has white to pink flowers opening from bottom to top, turning brown when mature. As demand for seed increases in the southeastern states, the market potential for ore gongrown seed will increase. It is an aerial seeder producing large quantities of easily harvested seed. Seed production yuchi arrowleaf begins blooming in late may or early june and matures seed in late june or july.
Flower and seed production in yuchi arrowleaf clover 1. It has a deep root system relative to other annual legumes, and is adapted to deep, welldrained sandy and loamy soils and fertile gravelly soils. Seed can be directheader harvested, but significant quantities can be lost through shattering. Arrotas is adapted to a wide range of soil types and does best on soils with ph a l2 of 5. Crimson clover provides fall and early spring production.
Tillage and overseeding pastures for winter forage production in north florida 3 tons more dry matter to the total forage bahiagrassclover produced during the year. Fertilize production fields at a rate of 300 lbacre of 82424. The amclo variety blooms about 2 to 3 weeks earlier, as. Please click on apache arrowleaf clover for more information. Yuchi clover can also be used for hay production and livestock grazing. Also in australia, dry matter production of arrowleaf clover cv. Dry matter yield of winter annual legumes planted in february is lower and the production is typically delayed compared to fall plantings.
Yields of yuchi arrowleaf clover trifolium vesiculosum savi. Balansa clover, trifolium michelianum, is a coolseason annual legume that is native to the northeastern mediterranean region. Flowering and seed production occur over a long period in late spring and summer. Arrowleaf will continue to develop new leaves and remain. Ideally suited to loam and sandy soils with a ph of 5 to 7. For natural reseeding to occur, grazingand hay harvest should be managed to allow someof the clover to mature in late spring for seed production. Annual and perennial forage clovers for arkansas fsa37. It does not need to be planted in the soil as small grains do. When meechee arrowleaf clover is grown with summer perennial grasses, graze or cut surplus.
Crimson clover may be successfully established into bermudagrass by drilling the seed into a pasture that has been grazed or mowed short. A specific inoculant for arrowleaf clover is available. Arrowleaf clover provides late winter and spring production. Forage legumes for oklahoma oklahoma state university. This information is provided on a seed tag, which is either attached to the bag or printed on it. Arrowleaf clover produces a high percentage of hard seed usually exceeding 70% after combine harvest that will not germinate for several months or years. How ever, crimson clover cultures have been used with good results in western oregon. Blackhawk arrowleaf clover is an early maturing, highyielding variety with a resistance to bean yellow mosaic virus as well as the fungal soil pathogen pythium ultimum. When planted in the fall at a seeding rate of 10 to 15 pounds per acre, some forage can be. Arrowleaf clover trifolium vesiculosum despite of the early growth in the winter, arrowleaf is a late maturing clover with good growth until early to midmay. Dry matter and seed production in the andean foothills is high 3.
Arrowleaf clover is a prolific seed producer, with a high proportion of hard. Arrowleaf clover is suitable for hay, grazing, seed production, soil improvement, and wildlife. Much like burr medic, but smaller prolific seed production even when grazed to 1 or less for extended periods of time small leaves and small stems very short growth and relatively low yield. Arrowleaf clover has a high forage production and needs grazing to prevent a reduction in an accompanying grass stand. It is often included in mixtures with other cool season species to improve the quality of the forage. It has low winter production, but has the highest spring production. It performs well in the presence of perched, fresh water tables that are. If arrowleaf clover is the only clover in a mixture then the seeding rate is 68 lb per acre. Plant only certified yuchi arrowleaf to be sure of obtaining high quality seed of the right variety. A detailed brochure on arrowleaf is available from the oregon clover commission at source of photo, too. Arrowleaf clover has a high level of hard seed 80%.
Forage species lbs per bushel seeds per pound rye 56 18,000. Oregonquality seed selected references arrowleaf clover. Spring mowing or pasturing good stands of arrowleaf clover. For reseeding, allow plants to attain a minimum height of 12 to 15 inches in early july to mature seed. Deer and turkey readily feed on this clover, which. Australia, arrowleaf clover has lower winter production than the subterranean clover, balansa clover and persian clover t. Seed production, seedling regeneration and hardseeds.
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